Artificial Intelligence, AI Governance, Sociotechnical Systems, Public Policy, Global Cooperation, Human Rights, Economic Impacts, AI Safety

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed from a specialized technology into a general-purpose infrastructure that reshapes economies, public institutions, and daily life. This policy note highlights two primary gaps in the current AI landscape: an advancement gap—where technological capabilities evolve faster than institutional capacity to govern them—and a participation gap, where communities most affected by AI lack influence over its development. It outlines seven interconnected global challenges, divided into surface challenges (Societal Applications, Economic Impacts, and Security and Peace) and underlying structural challenges (Human Rights, Governance and the Rule of Law, Technical Robustness and Reliability, and Environmental Impacts). The document argues that AI cannot be managed through isolated, reactive risk controls, calling instead for an inclusive, evidence-based, and anticipatory global governance framework.